Combination Treatment With Proton Pump Inhibitor Plus Prokinetic for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

no abstract available.

Daily consumption of commercial chicken feed and meat lead to alterations in serum cholesterol and steroidal sex hormones in female rats

Poultry consumption is increased worldwide owing to better taste, easy availability and low cost. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the chicken feed, conventional chicken meat and organic chicken meat on the % growth rate, serum cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone and estrogen levels in female rats. Hundred female Albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups [n=25]. Group I was control rats fed on standard chow, group II treated with commercial chicken feed, group III rats fed with conventional chicken meat and group IV with organic chicken meat for a period of 6 weeks. % Growth rate, serum cholesterol, progesterone, testosterone and estrogen levels were estimated after the treatment. The present study showed significant increase in growth rate, serum cholesterol levels and imbalance in serum steroidal hormone levels. It is therefore, suggested from the present study that the intake of commercial chicken feed and commercial chicken meat may be the potential cause of development of polycystic ovary syndrome in females due to steroid hormonal imbalance

Sorafenib tosylate, Ribavirn and Sofosbuvir combination therapy for HCV virus infected patients with decompensated liver cancer

Hepatitis C is the most common health problem worldwide and is major cause of death due to proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma. The medicines available for HCV treatment overcome up-to 95% complications of HCV. However, liver cancer needs some additional care. Normally Sorafenib tosylate 200 mg is recommended for liver cancer. There is no such trial in which this drug could effectively be used in combination of direct acting antivirals for HCV. The study was conducted for HCV patients [n=30] with liver cancer having decompensated stage. Combination of Sorafenib tosylate, Ribavirn and Sofosbuvir were used for the pharmacokinetics of these medicines. Child pugh score less then 7 [CP A] in adults during treatment phase [received 12 weeks of Sorafenib tosylate 200 mg, Ribavirn and Sofosbuvir 400 mg once daily] have no side effect while child pugh score 7-9 [CP B] have evidence of hypertension. The main efficiency end point sustained virology response with overcoming liver cancer as well in 12 weeks after end treatment [SVR-LLC 12]. Mean pharmacokinetic exposure to Sorafenib tosylate 200 mg, Ribavirn and Sofosbuvir at week 8[th] was 2.1, 1.5,1.2 times greater in CP B than in CP A. Adverse effects [AEs] were observed in 12 out of 30 patients but not severe as lethal for life. Treatment with Sorafenib tosylate, Ribavirn and Sofosbuvir for twelve weeks was harmless and well accepted, 100 % patients achieve [SVR LLC 12] with 10-fold cure rate more than previous ones. The combination therapy of Sorafenib tosylate, Ribavirn and Sofosbuvir was found helpful for the management of decompensated liver cancer

In-silico identification and evaluation of plant flavonoids as dengue NS2B/NS3 protease inhibitors using molecular docking and simulation approach

Dengue infection is prevailing among the people not only from the developing countries but also from the developed countries due to its high morbidity rate around the globe. Hence, due to the unavailability of any suitable vaccine for rigorous dengue virus [DENY], the only mode of its treatment is prevention. The circumstances require an urgent development of efficient and practical treatment to deal with these serotypes. The severe effects and cost of synthetic vaccines simulated researchers to find anti-viral agents from medicinal plants. Flavonoids present in medicinal plants, holds anti-viral activity and can be used as vaccine against viruses. Therefore, present study was planned to find anti-viral potential of 2500 flavonoids inhibitors against the DENVNS2B/NS3 protease through computational screening which can hinder the viral replication within the host cell. By using molecular docking, it was revealed that flavonoids showed strong and stable bonding in the binding pocket of DENY NS2B/NS3 protease and had strong interactions with catalytic triad. Drug capability and anti-dengue potential of the flavonoids was also evaluated by using different bioinformatics tools. Some flavonoids effectively blocked the catalytic triad of DENY NS2B/NS3 protease and also passed through drug ability evaluation. It can be concluded from this study that these flavonoids could act as potential inhibitors to stop the replication of DENY and there is a need to study the action of these molecules in-vitro to confirm their action and other properties

Platform-switching to preserve peri-implant bone: a meta-analysis

The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the literature-based evidence if platform-switching has an effect in preventing marginal bone loss around prosthodontic implants following their functional loading in comparison to conventional platform-matching. A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar for Literature from 1950 to January 2015, human randomized clinical trials [RCTs] and prospective clinical controlled cohort studies [PCCS] reporting marginal bone loss around platform-switched and matched implants. Six RCTs with a low risk of bias revealed a significantly less mean marginal bone loss [0.57 mm [CI 95% 0.30; 0.84]] around platform-switched implants in comparison to platform-matched implants [1.14 mm [CI 95% 0.69; 1.6, p < 0.001]]. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly less peri-implant marginal bone loss with platform-switched implants as compared to platform-matched implants. The qualitative analysis depicts a trend favouring the platform-switching technique over platform- matching technique to prevent marginal bone loss. However, owing to the heterogeneity of the included studies, their results necessitate cautious interpretation

Drug delivery through denture-base resins - a systematic review

The purpose of this article was to review current literature on the usage of denture bases as potential drug-release devices DRDs] for the treatment of oral conditions such as Candida associated denture stomatitis [CAD] and recurrent ulcers. Relevant publications from the year 1983 to 2014 were included by searching 'denture bases' and 'drug delivery' using [MeSH terminology]. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were set. Most studies were done in vitro. It was concluded during the review that various therapeutic agents such as Fluconazole, Chlorhexidine gluconate and Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate have been successfully incorporated in denture base resins. Drugs leach out steadily from poly methyl methacrylate [PMMA] specimens for a period of 28 days. In case of rechargeable denture bases, the elution continues for longer periods. A lot of ongoing research is being done on the incorporation of silver nanoparticles and monitoring its antimicrobial activity

Comparison of marginal breakdown in bonded and conventional amalgam restoration

Aim of the study was to assess the fracture resistance of bonded and non bonded amalgam filling. Amalgam is the material of choice for posterior restorations because of its strength, longevity as compared to other materials. In spite of all these advantages of being cost effective, ease of manipula-tion, its inability to bond to tooth structure is a major problem. This makes an amalgam restoration to undergo micro leakage and subsequently secondary caries, marginal ditching and failure of resto-ration occurs. Scientific research has concluded that marginal breakdown is the factor which leads ultimately to the fracture of entire restoration. To improve the mechanical retention and ultimately the marginal breakdown and fracture resistance a new bonding amalgam has been introduced. The bonded amalgam needs to be evaluated and compared with conventional amalgam in respect of marginal integrity. It was concluded that there was no difference in marginal break down of conventional and bonded amalgam fillings and it was suggested that their use in traditional amalgam cavity preparations should not be recommended until proven clinical benefits have been demonstrated

Mind the crown margins

Metal free ceramic restorations have increased in demand due to their superior esthetics and more resemblance to the natural teeth, more so now that metal-free biocompatible options are preferred. Although porcelain fused to metal crowns are also used owing to less tooth structure loss in their preparation, the metal portion shows through the marginal area giving a blue-gray, cyanotic appearance to the tissue. Margins are one of the most important components in the success of a ceramic restoration. ssential prerequisites for the clinical success of an all ceramic restoration includes good esthetics, a high resistance to fracture and perfect marginal fit. A poor marginal design or one that is not prepared well may be a source of plaque accumulation, other than being esthetically unpleasing. Different marginal designs have been proposed and the most acceptable ones for all-ceramic restorations are either the rounded shoulder or the large chamfer margin. A major part of the current literature and research done on this subject falls into two broad categories that are affected by the type of marginal finish line - marginal fit and fracture resistance

Evaluation of reasons for patients visits to non qualified dental practitioners and level of malpractice causing complications

To find out the reasons for patients preference to get treatment from non-qualified dental practitioners along with the level of malpractice by such practitioners and resultant complications. A descriptive cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the prosthodontics department of Islamic International Dental Hospital and includes the data from a two months period from 1st March to 30th April 2014. Our study is based on a questionnaire survey from patients who visited the department of prosthodontics of a teaching dental hospital. Our sample size was 25 patients who were included by convenient sampling. The collected data was analysed by using Microsoft Excel 2013. The demographic results come out to be 72% males and 28% females who have become the victim of dental mal practice. Sixty four percent of the patients reported that the most common cause of visiting a non-qualified dental personnel was that they are unaware of a proper dentist. Secondly, they lacked access to a proper dentist or they had an easy access to a non-qualified dental practitioner in their locality [36%]. Financial considerations were found to be the main factor as most of these families belonged to a low socioeconomic status. These results depict variations in the sources of information and clinical patterns of treatment outcomes. Our study highlights that lack of awareness on behalf of patients to identify qualified dentists, low socioeconomic status and easy accessibility to non-qualified dental practitioner are the main reasons for the patients inclination to get treatment from non qualified dental practitioner. The resultant malpractice especially the self cure dentures, leads to complications which are not normally encountered with recognized treatment protocols in dental practice

Bridging the gap. quality of communication between prosthodontists and lab technicians

This descriptive study was carried out at dental out-patient department of Liaquat medical University Hospital Hyderabad from January 2013 to December 2013. Thirty-five patients wearing auto polymerized [self-cured] fixed partial dentures provided by unqualified and qualified dental practitioners were assessed. Condition of oral health was evaluated on the basis of proper history and clinical examination. Prosthesis condition was also assessed. Oral health of underlying soft and hard tissues was carefully evaluated after removing the prosthesis with the help of slow speed hand piece without jeopardizing oral tissues. It was evident in this study that fixed partial dentures made from auto polymerized [self cure] acrylic resins had adversely affected the oral tissues compelling the patients to visit the qualified dentist for proper treatment of their problems

Epigenetic therapy for cancer

Epigenetics means the study of alterations in the genetic material that affect the phenotype but does not affect the genotype. Epigenetics cause alterations in cell properties, which are inherited; but it does not cause alterations in DNA sequence. Epigenetic mediated silencing of gene is of four types, which are DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, RNA associated silencing and Genomic imprinting. Other factors [environmental and xenobiotics] can also cause gene silencing but DNA methytlation and changes in histones of chromatin are two important changes, which are responsible for malignant diseases. Two groups of drugs are under development, which corrects the epigenetic alterations. These are histone deacetylation [HDAC] inhibitors and DNA methytransferase [DNMT] inhibitors. These drugs may be used in cancer because in cancer, hypermethylation of cancer suppressor gene causes gene silencing. Epigenetic therapy scope is likely to increase in future.

Clinical evaluation of proximal contact points in fixed prostheses

This cross-sectional study clinically assesses the tightness of proximal contact points of fixed dental prosthesis with natural teeth. Sixty nine [69] patients visiting the Department of Prosthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentists [AFID], Rawalpindi, were included. The crowns, as a single unit or terminal abutment of bridge, prepared and fabricated at the same institute were included. A total of 142 Proximal Contact Points [PCPs] were assessed with the dental floss and categorized as acceptable, loose and tight. Among these, 83 [58.4%] were acceptable, 41 [28.8%] loose and 18 [12.6%] were tight. Out of 142 PCPs, 104 [73.2%] were Porcelain Fused to Metal [PFM] and 38 [26.7%], all metal. Out of 104 PFM crown/FPD PCPs 59 [56.7%] were acceptable, 32 [30.7%] were loose and 13 [12.5%] tight. Out of 38 all metal crown/FPD PCPs 24 [63%] acceptable, 9 [23%] were loose and 5 [13%] were tight. PCPs must be checked for acceptability before cementation. The PCPs of adjacent natural dentition in same patient may serve as guide for assessment

Aglossia: a rare case report and review

Aglossia is a rare malformation resulting in the partial development or complete absence of the tongue. It is commonly associated with craniofacial and limb defects [Oromandibular Limb Hypogenesis Syndrome].The etiology is unknown and various theories have been proposed for this. The objective of presenting the case report and literature review is to discuss the clinical presentation, causative factors and possible management strategies of this rare malformation

Dengue fever: Natural management

Dengue fever is caused by the mosquito-borne dengue virus [DENV] serotypes 1-4, and is the most common arboviral infection of humans in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Dengue virus infections can present with a spacious range of clinical signs, from a mild feverish illness to a life-threatening shock syndrome. Till now, there is no approved vaccine or drug against this virus. Therefore, there is an urgent need of development of alternative solutions for dengue. Several plant species have been reported with anti-dengue activity. Many herbal/natural drugs, most of which are commonly used as nutritional components, have been used as antiviral, larvicidal, mosquitocidal and mosquito repellents that may be used against dengue. The objective of this review article was to provide current approaches for the treatment and management/prevention of dengue fever by targeting viral proteins involved in replication cycle of the virus and different developmental stages of mosquito

Clinical effectiveness of tooth mousse in dentinal hypersensitivity

Dentinal hypersensitivity is one of the most common complaint observed in daily clinical practice. Three basic methods used for treatment are nerve desensitization, anti-inflammatory agents and agents covering or plugging dentinal tubules. A more recent approach to the management of dentinal hypersensitivity is tooth mousse, which is a unique combination containing amorphous calcium phosphate [ACP] and casein phosphopeptide [CPP] obtained from milk protein named casein. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Tooth Mousse in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. One hundred and four teeth with dentin hypersensitivity in 16 patients [10 females and 6 males] aged 25-50 were years selected randomly. Patients complaining of pain due to tooth brushing, hot or cold beverages, sweet and sour food were included in this study whereas patients having carious teeth, cracked teeth, extensively restored teeth [cervical fillings], teeth with pulpitis and teeth in direct contact with any prostheses were excluded from this study. A questionnaire was filled by the patients before tooth mousse application mentioning their complaints [intensity, duration, and analgesics], oral hygienic habits and nutrition habits. Tooth mousse was applied topically to the exposed dentin by patient and after 4 weeks patients were clinically evaluated for the pain response on VAS by application of a thermal, tactile and air stimuli. A significant difference in effectiveness was found between the 4-weeks follow-up and base line levels

Influence of literacy level on pretreatment expectations of patients seeking removable dentures

The objective of this study was to find out any association between pretreatment expectations of prosthodontic patients with their literacy level. For this, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 100 new patients requiring complete or partial dentures. A self-designed close-ended questionnaire, based on nine relevant questions was used. Patients were required to answer as "Yes" or "No." Afterwards, a numeric calculation was done to derive a final score that ranged from 9 upto 18. This final score was used to categorize the expectations of the patients into five groups i.e. very low [score of 9-10], relatively low [score of 11-12], moderate [score of 13-14], relatively high [score of 15-16], and very high [score of 17-18]. Overall, only 3 [3.0%] patients had the ideal very low expectations and both belonged to the literate groups. In contrast, very high expectations were seen in 10 [10.0%] illiterate patients only. Chi-square test revealed significant association of pretreatment expectations with literacy level [P<0.001]. It was concluded that patient expectations from removable dentures were highly influenced by their literacy status

Assesment of clinical trends in patients with missing teeth and congenital tooth agenesis

This was part of a larger study titled, "CLINICAL AND GENETIC STUDIES IN FAMILIES WITH TOOTH AGENESIS". The traditional perception regarding the tooth replacement has been changed tremendously over a short period of time. It is the need of the hour to re-evaluate the changing perceptions and trends of the patients. The objectives of the study were to render valuable information to practitioners and research workers to improve their services and to educate the community regarding oral health. It was a descriptive study and relied on a retrospective data of three months [Jan- Mar 2014] from OPD of prosthodontics department of Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad. There were 1518 patients that formed the study group and showed an increased treatment trend of removable prostheses rather than the fixed prosthesis

frequency of shisha [waterpipe] smoking in students of different age groups

To determine the frequency of waterpipe smoking in students of different age groups. Cross-sectional survey. Karachi, Pakistan, from February 2012 to February 2013. The subjects were divided into two age groups. Group-I comprised of 13 - 17 years old randomly selected students from O' Level schools in Karachi and group-2 included 23 - 27 years old undergraduate and postgraduate students again randomly selected from various institutions in Karachi. A questionnaire was filled with prior consent, basic education on waterpipe smoking was given, and all the questions of the survey form were explained to the subjects according to context. In group-1, 39% students smoked waterpipe. Most students had been smoking waterpipe for the last 2 years. In group-2, 48% individuals smoked waterpipe, majority of smokers indulged in the last 5 years and among them, most were falling within the last 2 years. The frequency of waterpipe smoking in teenage students was 39% and older students for 48%. Social and recreational use of waterpipes is widespread among both groups despite being acknowledged by majority as a health hazard.

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of acquired mandibular defects: a non surgical treatment approach

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of mandibulectomy defects is always a challenging clinical scenario. These defects pose a major anatomical, physiological and psychological threat not only to the patients, but to the entire family. A multidisciplinary team approach, long term follow up and sympathetic attitude may help to bring these suffering patients back to normal life stream. Recent advancements in Dental Materials, CAD CAM, Laser Technology and Pre prosthetic surgical procedures like Osseo Integrated Implants have revolutionized the treatment approaches. However in certain clinical case scenarios, Conventional Prosthodontic Principles are still the Gold Standards. This article reports the rehabilitation of a partial mandibulectomy patient following a conventional, non surgical, removable cast denture prosthodontics